Journal of Indigenous Languages
type: channel
description: Journal of Indigenous Languages (JIL) - Promoting Indigenous Languages and publications addressing indigenous languages and knowledge issues. JIL is a semiannual open-access double-blind peer-reviewed international journal. JIL publishes original research work that promotes Indigenous Languages like Igbo, Yoruba, Hausa, Kiswahili, Setwana, Gikuyu, French, and many others. Also, JIL accepts manuscripts written in English but promotes topics addressing indigenous language issues. The journal's mission is to provide and promote high-quality research articles, and literature review papers that increase access to written indigenous knowledge. JIL’s main aim and scope focus on the preservation of Indigenous Languages globally. There is NO Submission Fee, Processing Fee, or Publication Fee for JIL. Motto: To provide a scientific research platform that promotes, distributes, and preserves Indigenous Languages and indigenous topics.
publisher: Jozac Publishers
language: en
publication name: Journal of Indigenous Languages
items: Circumfixation as an affixal process in Tiv
items: Masculinities in selected Yoruba proverbs and the complexities of being a man in a changing world
items: Àtúngbéyẹ̀wò Ìlò Àti Ìṣesí Àwọn Ọ̀rọ À-So-Ọ̀rọ̀-Pọ̀ Ní Èdè Yorùbá
items: A pragmatic analysis of selected Ogba proverbs
items: Language pedagogical cheers in tertiary institutions and its gloom on indigenous languages in Nigeria
items: Interfixation in Tiv morphology
items: Akamaro k’Indirimbo mu Gutoza Kuvuga Neza no Kunguka Amuga mu Rubumbambaga Nyarwanda: Urungano n’Igipimo cy’Urukundo za Rugamba Cyprien
items: Isesengurampamvu ku Bushakashatsi Bukorwa mu Kinyarwanda: Urugero rwa Kibogora Polytechnic
items: Kuɗi a mahangar karin magana
items: Uruhare rw'itorero mu kwimakaza imikoreshereze y’imvugo iboneye y’ururimi rw'Ikinyarwanda mu kiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye mu burezi bw’ibanze bw’u Rwanda
items: Awareness of an autonomous “Ikinyanshinga” in Kinyarwanda
items: The language of conflict: a semiotic analysis of Yorùbá songs
items: Imbogamizi mu myigire n’imyigishirize yo gusoma Ikinyarwanda mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri abanza yo mu Rwanda
items: Uhusika katika lugha ya Kiswahili
items: Umumaro w’Ibisigo by’Ubuse: Indyoheshabirayi ya Myr Alexis Kagame
items: Ekwumekwu na Ndụ Ndị Igbo: Amụmamụ Agwa Maazị Obijiọfọ n’Ụkpana Okpoko Buuru T. U. Ubesie
items: Uenezi na Changamoto za Kiswahili Nchini Burundi
items: Semantikong Histo-Sikolohikal na Pag-aaral: Piling Balbal na Salita ng mga Batang Gen-Z sa General Malvar St., Siyudad Davao

Circumfixation as an affixal process in Tiv
type: item
description: Tiv, a language spoken in the north-central geopolitical area of Nigeria and Southern Cameroon, has various ways of forming words, with circumfixation being one of them. Circumfixation is one of the types of affixes that is vitally important in Tiv but has not received scholarly attention due to the erroneous impression that Tiv morphology only has prefixes and suffixes. This study, therefore, investigates the functions of circumfixes in Tiv and adopts Hockett’s Item-and-Arrangement Model of 1954 to examine the functions of the Tiv circumfixes. Methodologically, this study sourced its data through primary and secondary sources. The primary source of data collection was obtained through observation, which is the firsthand experience of the research setting, and the secondary sources were elicited through the consultation of textbooks, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, journal articles, Icighan Bibilo (1964 [2007]), and The Revised Holy Bible in Tiv (2017). Deliberate sampling technique was used to obtain meaningful data for this study. The researchers obtained data by jotting, transcribing, classifying, and analysing them according to their functions. It has been found that Tiv circumfixation performs derivational and inflectional functions; Tiv circumfixation’s architecture comprises vowel plus vowel and consonant (V+VC), vowel plus consonant (V+C), consonant plus consonant (C+C); Tiv language has other affixal processes such as infixes, interfixes, superfixes as against the oversubscribed prefixes and suffixes; and circumfixation is also known as adfixation, ambifixation, confixation, parafixation and simulfixation. This study is, therefore, recommended to scholars, students, writers, teachers, lecturers and curriculum designers to recognise other affixal processes, write scholarly articles, compare circumfixation with compounding and review the definition and types of affixes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Affixal processes
  topic: keywords
subject: Affixation
  topic: keywords
subject: Circumfixation
  topic: keywords
subject: Independent morpheme
  topic: keywords
subject: Infixes
  topic: keywords
subject: Tiv
  topic: keywords
creator: Terfa Aor
creator: Margaret Nguemo Iorember
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Terfa Aor, Margaret Nguemo Iorember https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-03
publication date: 2026-07-03
starting page: 69
ending page: 80

Masculinities in selected Yoruba proverbs and the complexities of being a man in a changing world
type: item
description: This paper explores the complexities of being a man as represented in selected Yoruba proverbs and the implications in a fast-changing world. Proverbs in African parlance is a reflection of a people’s way of life, culture, strength, weakness, dos and don’ts. As a vehicle of communication, a proverb among the Yoruba people of Nigeria, West Africa, is meant to give meaning to expression. The study, therefore, discusses the construction of man in the Yoruba socio-cultural milieu and how this construction is reflected in the proverbs of the people. As a qualitative research study, the study relies on masculinity as a framework, especially for the analysis of ten selected Yoruba proverbs. The study discovered that while men are constantly changing in status and role as a result of changing economic and social equilibrium, the proverbs that construct him as a man remain constant. It is, therefore, suggested that some of the proverbs that construct the man against the reality of his existence and changing circumstances should begin to change or be rebranded in order to position him for the only thing that is constant “change”. By so doing, it is believed that so much pressure will be taken off the man in the face of new realities and emerging changes in gender discourse.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parlance
  topic: keywords
subject: Role
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Cohesion
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Equilibrium
  topic: keywords
subject: Status
  topic: keywords
creator: Francis Olabisi Jegede
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Francis Olabisi Jegede https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Àtúngbéyẹ̀wò Ìlò Àti Ìṣesí Àwọn Ọ̀rọ À-So-Ọ̀rọ̀-Pọ̀ Ní Èdè Yorùbá
type: item
description: Ninú gírámà èdè Yorùbá, àwọn onímọ̀ gírámà ṣe àkíyèsí pé àwọn ọ̀wọ́ ọ̀rọ̀ kan wà tí wọ́n máa ń lò láti fi so ọ̀rọ̀, àpólà tàbí gbólóhùn méjì pọ̀. Ẹnu kò lórí ọ̀rọ̀-àsopọ̀ ti ẹyọ ọ̀rọ̀ àti àpólà. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀wọ́ àwọn onímọ̀ kan náà tilẹ̀ sọ pé kò sí ohun tí a lè pè ní ọ̀rọ̀ àsopọ̀ tí ó ń so gbólòhùn pọ̀, àwọn onímọ̀ mìíràn sì gbà pé ó wà. Ohun tí a fẹ́ tẹpẹlẹmọ́ náà ni láti ṣàgbéyẹ̀wò ìlò ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-àsopọ̀ wọ̀nyí, kí a mọ iye wọn, àti àwọn òté tó de ìlò wọn nínú èdè Yorùbá. A ṣe àkójọ àwọn détà lóríṣìíríṣìí láti inú àwọn onírúurú ìwé ti wọ́n kọ lédè Yorùbá àti ọ̀rọ̀ ẹnu àṣàyàn àwọn tí ń sọ èdè Yorùbá. A kò ṣàmúlò tíọ̀rì kankan nínú iṣẹ́ yìí kí a lè walẹ̀ jìn lórí àpèjúwe ìṣesí àtì ìhùwàsí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-àsopọ̀ wọ̀nyí. Ohun tí a ṣe ni pé, a ṣàpèjúwe ìlò àti ìṣesí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-àsopọ̀ ni. A rí i pé ọ̀rọ̀-àsopọ̀ Yorùbá wà ní abẹ́ ìsọ̀rí wúnrẹ̀n aṣegírámà nítorí àwọn àbùdá ìsọ̀rí náà tó pinminrin sínú rẹ̀. Bí a bá gùnlé ìlò àti ìṣesí wọn, a lè pín ìsọ̀rí ọ̀rọ̀-àsopọ̀ Yorùbá sí ọ̀wọ́ méjì gbòòrò: àkọ́kọ́ ni ọ̀rọ̀-àsopọ̀ tí ó pín sí i: ọ̀rọ̀ a-so-ọ̀rọ̀/àpólà-pọ̀ àti ọ̀rọ̀ a-so-gbólóhùn-pọ̀. Èkejì ni ọ̀rọ̀-a-so-èjì-èrò-pọ̀ tàbí ọ̀rọ̀-asojú-sòdì-pọ̀/elérò ajárètí, ìsọ̀rí yìí náà pín sí: alábala méjì àti aláwẹ́ kan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ìsesí
  topic: keywords
subject: Ọ̀rọ̀-àsopọ̀
  topic: keywords
subject: Òté-ìlò
  topic: keywords
subject: Wúnrẹ̀n aṣegírámà
  topic: keywords
subject: Yorùbá
  topic: keywords
creator: Olabode Thomas Abimbola
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Olabode Thomas Abimbola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
starting page: 172
ending page: 185

A pragmatic analysis of selected Ogba proverbs
type: item
description: The way to examine the rigorous ways that language is being utilized to pass across knowledge, culture, traditional values, and social norms within the Ogba community is the use of proverbs. This study will examine a pragmatic analysis of selected Ogba proverbs. The study will be guided by speech acts and Grice’s maxims theories. The analysis reveals that the proverbs carry secret meanings, subtleties in context, and communication goals. The research looks at the pragmatic roles that Ogba proverbs provide or play in our conversations and categorizes them according to their contextual meaning, like moral instructions, social values, and life lessons. The research applies qualitative and quantitative methods using a sample of 25 Ogba native speakers in its analysis, which is done by collecting data from native speakers. The findings show that the crucial aspect of provers in maintaining linguistic and cultural identity is very important, highlighting their enduring relevance in the present Ogba society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Ogba
  topic: keywords
subject: Pragmatics
  topic: keywords
subject: Proverbs
  topic: keywords
subject: Speech acts
  topic: keywords
creator: Stanley Ordu
creator: Better Odukwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Stanley Ordu, Better Odukwu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 136
ending page: 144

Language pedagogical cheers in tertiary institutions and its gloom on indigenous languages in Nigeria
type: item
description: The strength of English language usage among Nigerians who speak Yoruba, Igbo, Ikwere, Hausa, and Gwari was contrastively studied in the University of Ibadan, Imo State University, Rivers State University, Sokoto State University, and the University of Abuja (representing the zones in Nigeria). The research adopted descriptive survey design and three research questions were formulated for a guide with a population of 19,532 respondents and a sample size of 8,800 selected through purposive procedure, using Language Pedagogical Cheers in Tertiary Institutions and its Gloom on Indigenous Languages (LAPECTIGLOOM) with four-point modified Likert scale of strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree and Strongly disagree, which was validated by experts in language studies, and measurement and evaluation from Federal College of Education (Tech.) Omoku is the instrument for data collection. The reliability of the instrument utilized the test-retest reliability technique, and a correlation coefficient of 0.87 was obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the research questions, using SPSS version 20. The result of the study indicated that the English language is shifting the linguistic empathy of Nigerian bilinguals from the indigenous languages by modifications to achieve nativisation and acculturation to Nigerian concepts. The outcome shows that these modifications have challenged the prominence of indigenous languages as an L1, leading to a gradual loss of indigenous language relevance in Nigeria. The researcher, therefore, made recommendations on government policies, preservation force, and localization of discourses.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: English
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous
  topic: keywords
subject: Languages
  topic: keywords
subject: Locations
  topic: keywords
subject: Tertiary
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Christian Uchechukwu Gilbert
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Christian Uchechukwu Gilbert https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 161
ending page: 171

Interfixation in Tiv morphology
type: item
description: Tiv, one of the Bantoid languages spoken in Benue, Nassarawa, Taraba, Plateau states of Nigeria and Southern Cameroon, has tripartite connotations which it refers to a tribe, a language and an ancestral father. This study investigates various functions that interfixation performs in Tiv. This study adopts Hockett’s (1954) Item-and-Process Theory which explains the morphological composition of interfixal process in Tiv and how it changes simple words to complex words. Methodologically, this study souced data through primary (observation) and secondary sources. The secondary sources were obtained from journal articles, academic textbooks, dictionaries and encyclopaedias which boosted literature review of this study. The study used non-probability sampling procedure with a particular reference to deliberate sampling design. Data collection was done through personal observation in which words that have interfixes were jotted down, transcribed, grouped according to their formations and functions then analysed accordingly. The study revealed that Tiv interfixes have interfixed vowel ‘a’, syllable ‘-mba-’ and interfixed words. It has also been discovered that interfixed vowel, syllable and words are mostly found in compound words and triplications. It has also been found out that Tiv interfixes and infixes have their distinctive features. The study has also shown that Tiv interfixes express futurity (shall); perform the prepositional functions of ‘of’ and ‘with’; the plural morpheme ‘-mba’ with adjectival roots and plural nominal roots and formation of triplications in Tiv. This study is, therefore, recommended to: linguists that have interest in morphology, scholars who wish to investigate interfixation as an affixation process, students who may wish to write their projects, dissertations and theses on affixal processes and lecturers who may intend to write articles or books on word-formation processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Affixation
  topic: keywords
subject: Infix
  topic: keywords
subject: Interfixation
  topic: keywords
subject: Interfixal vowels
  topic: keywords
subject: Item-and-Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Morphology
  topic: keywords
subject: Tiv
  topic: keywords
creator: Terfa Aor
creator: Margaret Nguemo Iorember
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Terfa Aor, Margaret Nguemo Iorember https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 94
ending page: 108

Akamaro k’Indirimbo mu Gutoza Kuvuga Neza no Kunguka Amuga mu Rubumbambaga Nyarwanda: Urungano n’Igipimo cy’Urukundo za Rugamba Cyprien
type: item
description: “Akamaro k’indirimbo mu gutoza kuvuga neza no kunguka amagambo mu rubumbabaga nyarwanda: Urungano n’igipimo cy’urukundo za Rugamba Cyprien” (The Impact of Songs in Teaching the Art of Speaking Well and Acquiring Vocabulary in Rwandan Society: Urungano and igipimo cy’urukundo by Rugamba Cyprien) is a study guided by the general objective of evaluating the contribution of songs in teaching effective public speaking and enriching vocabulary within the Rwandan community. To achieve the set objectives, we selected two literary works by Rugamba Cyprien: Urungano and igipimo cy’urukundo. The methodology used to analyze these works was based on a literary criticism approach known as ijoranyandiko. Following the selection of the case studies, we applied different methods—namely umunozo, ikeshamvugo, isesengurangingo, and isesengurantego—to support our literary analysis and help us reach our goals. Through the analysis, we found that these songs promote values such as love, peace, and harmonious living within Rwandan society. The results of our study confirmed that the objectives were successfully met. Indeed, Rugamba Cyprien significantly contributed to fostering a culture of love, peace, and tolerance among Rwandans. This is clearly reflected in both songs, where the author emphasizes that love is fundamental to human relationships. One of the recommendations drawn from our findings is that students should form clubs dedicated to promoting Cyprien Rugamba’s literary works within Rwandan society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Amuga
  topic: keywords
subject: Igipimo cy’urukundo
  topic: keywords
subject: Indirimbo
  topic: keywords
subject: Kuvuga neza
  topic: keywords
subject: Urungano
  topic: keywords
creator: Sosthene Ntibanyurwa
creator: Emmanuel Hakizimana
creator: Immaculee Irankunda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sosthene Ntibanyurwa, Emmanuel Hakizimana, Immaculee Irankunda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-26
publication date: 2025-11-26
starting page: 144
ending page: 160

Isesengurampamvu ku Bushakashatsi Bukorwa mu Kinyarwanda: Urugero rwa Kibogora Polytechnic
type: item
description: Ubu bushakashatsi bwiswe “Isesengurampamvu ku Bushakashatsi Bukorwa mu Kinyarwanda: Urugero rwa Kibogora Polytechnic bushingiye ku ntego yo gusesengura impamvu zituma abanyeshuri bahitamo gukora ubushakashatsi mu ndimi z’amahanga kandi bigira kubona Impamyabushobozi mu Cyongereza n’Ikinyarwanda n’Uburezi. Iyi nyigo igamije gutanga umusanzu mu kurushaho kunoza imyigishirize y’Ikinyarwanda ndetse no gutanga inama ku bantu batinya gukora ubushakashatsi mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda. Uburyo nyamubaro ni bwo bwakoreshejwe mu gukusanya amakuru, aho ibibazo byanditse byakoreshejwe nk’igikoresho k’ikusanyamakuru. Amakuru yifashishijwe yatanzwe n’abakeshwamakuru bo mu ishuri rikuru ryigenga rya Kibogora Polytechnic, ryatoranyijwe ku buryo bw’umuhuro. Itsinda nshingirwaho ryari rigabanyije mu byiciro bibiri, aho irya mbere ryari rigizwe n’abanyeshuri 462 bamaze kwandika, aho muri bo hifashishijwe itsinda nkeshwamakuru ringana n’abanyeshuri 51; hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushakana, naho irya kabiri rikaba ryari rigizwe n’abanyeshuri 836 bageze mu myaka ibiri isoza, bitegura kwandika, aho havuyemo itsinda nkeshwamakuru ringana n’abanyeshuri 92. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje impamvu z’ingenzi zituma abanyeshuri batitabira gukora mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda kandi Impamyabushobozi zabo ziba ziriho Icyongereza n’Ikinyarwanda, harimo ibura ry’inyandiko zifashishwa ziri mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, kuba isomo ryo gukora ubushakashatsi ryigishwa mu rurimi rw’amahanga, ubujyanama n’ubwunganizi budahagije, ndetse no kuba hari abemeza ko nubwo baba barahisemo kwiga Ikinyarwanda, kirimo amasomo akomeye nk’ubutinde n’amasaku atavugwaho rumwe n’abantu batandukanye. Ubu bushakashatsi butanga inama yo guhugura abarimu n’abanyeshuri ku byerekeye ubushakashatsi mu Kinyarwanda, bukanagaragaza amuga yakoreshwa mu nyandiko z’ubushakashatsi. Bunagira kandi inama kaminuza zigisha impuzo y’Icyongereza n’Ikinyarwanda, yo gutegura imbumbanyigisho y’ubushakashatsi iri mu Kinyarwanda, ikigishwa mu rwego rwo gufasha…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gusobanura inyandiko y’ubushakashatsi
  topic: keywords
subject: Ikinyarwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Inteko ibaza
  topic: keywords
subject: Ubushakashatsi
  topic: keywords
subject: Ururimi kavukire
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Ndahimana
creator: Jean Prosper Bagaragaza
creator: Crispine Hahirwuwizera
creator: Agnes Uwizeyimana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Ndahimana, Jean Prosper Bagaragaza, Crispine Hahirwuwizera, Agnes Uwizeyimana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 109
ending page: 135

Kuɗi a mahangar karin magana
type: item
description: This research work titled ‘Kuɗi a Mahangar Karin Magana’ was a research based on Hausa Oral Literature. The research was aimed at bringing out the philosophical thoughts of the Hausa People in relation to money. In Hausaland and beyond, life and money are inseparable, and therefore, money is very important in human existence. It was because of its value in the entire life that it was portrayed in some Hausa popular proverbs. The research shows the influence of money on the day-to-day activities of a Hausa man. It also shows how some people make use of money positively in assisting others. The research findings show how wealthy people in the society assist the poor and the needy..It also reveals how a rich man perceived himself and how he is equally perceived by others. Hausa people have changed their societal values and redirected them towards money, thus neglecting moral values such as honesty, integrity, and others. It shows that acquiring money is not by hard work, dedication, but by God’s will. The research employed the use of Hausa Proverbs to bring out the philosophical thought of the Hausa man in relation to money. This research was based on the Referential Theory of Culture. In conclusion to this study, a summary of the work, findings, and recommendations to scholars who are interested in researching this area was given.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bahaushe
  topic: keywords
subject: Karin Magana
  topic: keywords
subject: Kuɗi
  topic: keywords
subject: Maikuɗi
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan Salihu
creator: Ahmed Yusuf Doma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hassan Salihu, Ahmed Yusuf Doma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-29
publication date: 2025-04-29
starting page: 31
ending page: 38

Uruhare rw'itorero mu kwimakaza imikoreshereze y’imvugo iboneye y’ururimi rw'Ikinyarwanda mu kiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye mu burezi bw’ibanze bw’u Rwanda
type: item
description: This study examined how Itorero programs may enhance Kinyarwanda language expression in Advanced-level students in Rwanda’s basic education system in some selected schools of Nyanza district. It was prompted by concerns over the frequent misuse and lack of proficiency in Kinyarwanda among secondary school learners. Like all languages globally, Kinyarwanda has established norms for proper usage. Rooted in Rwandan tradition, Itorero is a unique civic and cultural education program and was seen as a valuable platform for promoting correct language use and fostering responsible citizenship. The research was carried out in selected schools within the Nyanza District of the Southern Province at College du Christ roi Nyanza and GS HVP Gatagara, using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Participants included students, teachers, school administrators, especially Itorero facilitators under Minubumwe and Mineduc. Itorero facilitators, who provided data through questionnaires and interviews. In total, 102 students and 65 leaders, teachers, and Itorero facilitators contributed to the study. The research sought to examine how Itorero supports the use of appropriate language, understand facilitators' approaches to teaching Kinyarwanda, and highlight the importance of language proficiency in Rwanda’s advanced secondary education. The study also emphasized the role of Rwandan culture, which encompasses beliefs, clothing, dances, language use in shaping Kinyarwanda language use, national identity and unity, and development. It pointed out that Kinyarwanda is not limited to Rwanda but is also spoken in neighboring regions impacted by colonial-era boundaries. However, the growing influence of foreign languages and the neglect of linguistic traditions have weakened the authenticity of Kinyarwanda communication. Kinyarwanda can be a global language. Therefore, the research centered on the relationship between language and Itorero as a way to revive and strengthen the proper …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ikinyarwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Isano
  topic: keywords
subject: Umurage w’ubumwe n’iterambere rirambye
  topic: keywords
creator: Pierre Niyibigira
creator: Innocent Twagirimana
creator: Theogene Sekarama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pierre Niyibigira; Innocent Twagirimana, Theogene Sekarama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-12
publication date: 2025-05-12
starting page: 63
ending page: 93

Awareness of an autonomous “Ikinyanshinga” in Kinyarwanda
type: item
description: An autonomous “ikinyanshinga” has been revealed before by some researchers, and it is among the word categories in the Kinyarwanda language grammar. Scholars have described language patterns in Kinyarwanda, however, they still have not explored much more about the confusion that mostly arises between autonomous and some other parts of speech. this marks the objective of this study. To tie this break, this study applies Saussure's structuralism theory to identify the criteria based on when classifying words in Kinyarwanda. A purposive sampling technique was adopted, and convenience sampling was used for the online questionnaire. By using a comparative analysis with diverse reading materials and findings from respondents, this study exposes deep insights into autonomous misunderstanding and confusion with a conjugated verb. Accordingly, this study made us take time and discover all about this word class in Kinyarwanda, while addressing the question of word class formation in Kinyarwanda grammar, and determining the conditions that allow a given word to be put in any word class or part of speech. Recommendations were given to the language development and language planification, for the purpose of facilitating a holistic understanding of the Kinyarwanda language to fill a critical space in Kinyarwanda grammar analysis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Autonomous
  topic: keywords
subject: Clauses
  topic: keywords
subject: Conjugation
  topic: keywords
subject: Relativity
  topic: keywords
subject: Verb
  topic: keywords
subject: Word class
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Ndahimana
creator: Francois Xavier Sibomana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Ndahimana , Francois Xavier Sibomana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-08
publication date: 2025-05-08
starting page: 39
ending page: 62

The language of conflict: a semiotic analysis of Yorùbá songs
type: item
description: This study investigates the role of language in propagating conflict through a semiotic analysis of Yorùbá songs, looking at Yorùbá proverb, political songs, and religious songs, uncovering the fundamental power elements, belief systems, and implications that shape the talk of hardship. This research accedes that language could be pivotal in sustaining struggle if misused and reveals how language, images, and social references are utilized to develop, propagate, and arrange conflicts. This study uses semiotics as its hypothetical establishment to investigate and decipher struggle-related Yorùbá precepts, political songs, and religious songs. This study uncovered the hidden power of designs, belief systems, and implications that impact our cognizance of contention and correspondence. Through a basic verbal expression, this study reveals how language is utilized to make and propagate conflict, furthermore, it pinpoints open doors for more useful and serene correspondence methodologies. The study's discoveries highlight the significant impacts of language on friendly attachment, uncovering that delicate language can diffuse strains and advance tranquil goals. This exploration outlines the huge impact of language on struggle acceleration and de-heightening, focusing on the significance of smart correspondence in building a more agreeable and serene society. By selecting words cautiously, we can establish a climate that empowers grasping, compassion, and valuable compromise, prompting more grounded, tougher networks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: Peacebuilding
  topic: keywords
subject: Semiotic Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Yorùbá language
  topic: keywords
creator: Taofiq Saadu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Taofiq Saadu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-18
publication date: 2025-04-18
starting page: 18
ending page: 30

Imbogamizi mu myigire n’imyigishirize yo gusoma Ikinyarwanda mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri abanza yo mu Rwanda
type: item
description: This research has the purpose of pointing out the challenges that are found in learning and teaching reading Kinyarwanda and the favorable ways that can be used in clearing reading of Kinyarwanda in lower primary three. In selecting the respondents of this study, the purposive sampling method was used, where eight teachers who teach Kinyarwanda in the third year of primary school and four school administrators responsible for the curriculum were chosen. In total, twelve participants were involved in the study. To demonstrate the methods used by lower primary three teachers during teaching to read the Kinyarwanda language, to show the obstacles faced by lower primary three learners during learning and of reading the Kinyarwanda language, to show challenges faced by lower primary three teachers during teaching to read the Kinyarwanda language. The obstacles faced by Kinyarwanda teachers during teaching to read, this study has shown that there are insufficient books, parental influence, the influence of school leaders, the teachers who didn’t study Kinyarwanda as well as the ways it is taught, the learners who are promoted in primary three unaware of differentiating vowels and consonants and others. Referring to the findings from respondents recommend the increasing of Kinyarwanda reading books, especially in lower primary schools. Furthermore, the number of libraries in schools must be increased, as well as changing Kinyarwanda's essay to audiovisual to be kept and used by using technology. The teachers of Kinyarwanda in lower primary should be given different training about teaching Kinyarwanda reading skills.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Imbogamizi
  topic: keywords
subject: Imisomere
  topic: keywords
subject: Ikinyarwanda
  topic: keywords
creator: Theogene Sekarama
creator: Innocent Twagirimana
creator: Jules Bayavuge
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Theogene Sekarama , Dr. Innocent Twagirimana, Jules Bayavuge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-29
publication date: 2025-01-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 17

Uhusika katika lugha ya Kiswahili
type: item
description: This study explores Case Semantics in linguistics, specifically in the Swahili language. The concept of Case Semantics deals with how noun phrases function in a sentence and its relation to the verb. Case Semantics is integral in everyday language use and many at times language users encounter it unconsciously. The concept of case semantics coincides with many areas of linguistics such as; Semantics, syntax, phonology, and even morphology. The main focus of this study are; to explicit the concept of case semantics in Kiswahili according to different scholars and linguists with our inputs factored in, to highlight the types of case semantics that exist in the Kiswahili language, and finally to explain their importance and recommendations. The main data used is secondary data that was collected from library and online articles. Questionnaires and interviews were also used to obtain sufficient data to justify the outcome of this study. The types of case semantics that were identified are the; agent, patient, instrument, result, force, goal, cause, location, range, and material case semantics. This study outcome proves case semantics as an important concept in learning language skills in a way that; it enables the language user to recognize the importance of the case semantics in Swahili language, to know its correct use, and thus avoid its incorrect use. In addition, the identification of the case helps the scholar and language researcher to know other language concepts that are close or related to case semantics such as clauses and phrases. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utafiti huu unaangazia Uhusika katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Dhana ya uhusika ni dhana inayopambanua majukumu ya nomino katika sentensi na uhusiano wake na vitenzi. Watumizi wa lugha wanatagusana na kutumia uhusika kwenye sehemu kubwa ya matamshi na maandishi ya lugha kila siku na wakati bila hata kutambua. Dhana ya uhusika …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Case semantics
  topic: keywords
subject: Clause
  topic: keywords
subject: Linguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Phrase
  topic: keywords
subject: Swahili language
  topic: keywords
subject: Isimu
  topic: keywords
subject: Kiswahili
  topic: keywords
subject: Uhusika
  topic: keywords
subject: Virai
  topic: keywords
subject: Vishazi
  topic: keywords
creator: Igunza Onzere
creator: Faraja Kristomus Lugome
creator: Mendong Margaret
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Igunza Onzere, Faraja Kristomus Lugome, Mendong Margaret https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-16
publication date: 2024-10-16
starting page: 13
ending page: 20

Umumaro w’Ibisigo by’Ubuse: Indyoheshabirayi ya Myr Alexis Kagame
type: item
description: Alexis Kagame is a strong pillar of Rwandan literary writers and poets in Rwanda. He wrote many literary works and varied in genres although he seemed to focus on poetry and philosophy. His poems include Inganji Karinga, Isoko y’amajyambere, Umulilimbyi wa Nyilibiremwa. He also compiled others’ works, for example Iyo wiriwe nta rungu and Icara nkumare irungu. Alexis Kagame is the one who developed tangibly a satirical poetry in Rwandan literature. Long time ago, Rwandans had their style of teaching, punishing and advising their descendants through different literary works especially oral literature. They used different techniques such as gestures, body language and language using proverbs, poems and songs, tongue tuisters, and others but orally. The general objective of this paper is to find out the contribution of poems of Alexis Kagame to Rwandan culture in his poem Indyoheshabirayi. As far as the methodology is concerned, the study used literary criticism techniques to help the researcher in literary analysis and find out the contribution of Indyoheshabirayi to the Rwandan culture. The findings of the study revealed that poems contribute to the improvement of Rwandan culture. The way the pig was considered and how it was called as allegorical meaning with wrong and bad names is the evidence of its contribution to Rwandan culture and how the poet Alexis Kagame has contributed to Rwandan culture. The results of this research showed that the chiefs were cool and full of happiness rather than being angry at the use of satire found in Indyoheshabirayi.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Indyoheshabirayi, literature, poetry, satirical poetry, Rwandan culture
  topic: keywords
creator: Sosthene Ntibanyurwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sosthene Ntibanyurwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-10
publication date: 2024-11-10
starting page: 21
ending page: 33

Ekwumekwu na Ndụ Ndị Igbo: Amụmamụ Agwa Maazị Obijiọfọ n’Ụkpana Okpoko Buuru T. U. Ubesie
type: item
description: The study delved into the oratory and rhetorics of Mr. Ọbijiọfọ in Ụkpana Okpoko Buuru as an ancient, and integral part of Igbo People’s way of life. The objective of the study is to expose the corrupt practices in the present society, where falsehood has eaten deep into the fibre in the life of people, as way of promoting oratory and rhetorics as well as adding to the knowledge bank of this nature. The study is carried out in literature and in Ụkpana Okpoko Buuru as Igbo literary work. Other places where the data for the study were gathered from includes, library, internet, where views of other scholars about the key words in the topic were collected and reviewed. Marxism which anchored in the class division between peoples in their relationship is adopted for analysis of the study. The findings of the study revealed that oratory and rhetorics are very important because they are keys to unlock peoples’ minds. It is also a two edged sword whose owner should handle with care as s/he is at the mercy of the people at the opposition camp, who want to find fault with s/he on the process of expressing the act of oratory and rhetorics. The orator makes enemy for himself or herself on the process of playing his or her role in the process of addressing the people. The study would be beneficial to the general public, mostly to the teachers, students, and would be researchers in oratory, character, and literature.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Art
  topic: keywords
subject: Character
  topic: keywords
subject: Igbo
  topic: keywords
subject: Literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Oratory
  topic: keywords
creator: Charles Azubuike Nneke
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Charles Azubuike Nneke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-05-06
publication date: 2024-05-06
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

Uenezi na Changamoto za Kiswahili Nchini Burundi
type: item
description: Abstract: Despite being the second most spoken foreign language in Burundi, Kiswahili is still given little attention compared to French and English. This study therefore aimed to investigate the spread of Kiswahili in Burundi by highlighting the challenges and factors that led to its spread in the country. Primary and secondary data were used in this study where primary data were collected through interviews. In addition, a population of 41 respondents was made up of Kiswahili teachers at universities and residents of the provinces of Rumonge, Makamba, Muyinga and the economic city of Bujumbura. This study which was conducted in Burundi revealed that Kiswahili spread in Burundi thanks to religion, immigration, the arrival of Arabs, colonialism, regional cooperation, war, business, education, marriage, border interactions and media. Although Kiswahili is taught from primary school to universities and the presence of associations to promote it, this study revealed that the history of Burundi, shortage of teachers and books, misconceptions, language policy and social classes are among the challenges that hinder the rapid development of the language. This study concluded by recommending the wide use of the language in different sectors and carrying out researches on the current status of Kiswahili in Burundi. IKISIRI: Licha ya umaarufu wa kuwa lugha ya pili ya kigeni inayozungumzwa sana nchini Burundi, Kiswahili bado kinapewa nafasi ndogo sana ikilinganishwa na Kifaransa na Kiingereza. Hivyo, utafiti huu ulilenga kuchunguza hali ya Kiswahili nchini Burundi kwa kuangazia changamoto na sababu zilizopelekea kusambaa kwa lugha hiyo ya kigeni nchini humo. Data za uwandani na data za marejeleo zilitumika katika utafiti huu ambapo data za uwandani zilikusanywa kwa njia ya usaili. Aidha, sampuli ya watafitiwa 41 iliundwa na walimu wa Kiswahili vyuo vikuu na wenyeji wa mikoa ya Rumonge, Makamba, Muyinga na jiji la Bujumbura. Utafiti huu ambao ulifanyika nchini Burundi ulibaini …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Afrika Mashariki
  topic: keywords
subject: Burundi
  topic: keywords
subject: Changamoto
  topic: keywords
subject: Kiswahili
  topic: keywords
subject: Uenezi
  topic: keywords
creator: Enock Havyarimana
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Enock Havyarimana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 30
ending page: 43

Semantikong Histo-Sikolohikal na Pag-aaral: Piling Balbal na Salita ng mga Batang Gen-Z sa General Malvar St., Siyudad Davao
type: item
description: Abstract: The changes happening in the Filipino language have brought significant effects. One result is the emergence of colloquial language, which is dominant among today's youth. Users of this language cannot be stopped from using online platforms like Facebook and others. Furthermore, there continuedly growing preference for this language among its users. To understand and analyze the colloquial words used by GenZ youth in Davao City in Barangay Malvar, a semantic histo-sociolinguistic framework has been employed. The aim is to categorize and document the meaning and etymology of these words. The research methodology used a qualitative and descriptive approach and conducted interviews through social networking platforms or instant messaging applications, particularly Messenger. The researcher use convenience sampling to collect data from GenZ aged sixteen (16) to twenty-three (23) whose willing and capable to participate and interview. Through the conducted analysis, the colloquial language has been categorized into the following: derived from the native language, borrowed from foreign languages, introduces new meanings, and more. This study revealed the positive reasons behind the development of colloquial language, which is a notable invention of GenZers. It also explores how the traditions and culture of a society influence its creation. Colloquial languages serve as a medium for young people to connect with. On the other hand, it is essential to observe that these languages also bring negative effects to almost all aspects of society. The Filipino language is particularly affected by these changes, and the learning of formal languages by the youth in macro skills is at risk. Abstrak: Dulot ng pagbabagong nagaganap sa wikang Filipino. Nabuo ang wikang balbal na siyang namayani sa kabataan ngayon, hindi mapigilan ang gumagamit nito sa online na plataporma tulad ng Facebook atbp. Patuloy ang pagtangkilik ng mga gumagamit. Ang semantiko histo-sosyolohikal na bat…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Etimolohiya
  topic: keywords
subject: GenZ
  topic: keywords
subject: Historikal
  topic: keywords
subject: Online flatforms
  topic: keywords
subject: Semantiko
  topic: keywords
subject: Sikolohikal
  topic: keywords
subject: Wikang Balbal
  topic: keywords
creator: Arman Jay Caliso Velasquez
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Indigenous Languages https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-07-26
publication date: 2023-07-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 29