Complementarity of architecture in historical settings: Case of Bagamoyo Old Town, Tanzania

Abstract

Bagamoyo, a historic town on the East African coast, has experienced multiple civilizations, including native, Persian, Arab, Indian, and European influences. Recent urban developments have sparked discussions on architectural complementarity within its historical setting. This study examines the concept of architectural complementarity in Bagamoyo's Old Town by analyzing historical architectural artifacts and their relationship with new developments. It aims to explore how various architectural styles—ranging from indigenous to contemporary—have shaped the town and how new buildings interact with the historical fabric. The study employs descriptive and graphical methods of analysis to assess architectural complementarity, drawing insights from existing architectural elements and urban development trends. The concept of architectural complementarity is ambiguous, with two prevailing schools of thought: Those advocating for the preservation of the historical urban fabric. Those supporting the integration of modern architectural elements into the historical setting. Complementarity is influenced by multiple factors, including culture, materials, design approaches, styles, building techniques, economic considerations, environmental factors, and societal needs. Understanding these elements is essential to harmonizing new developments with historical contexts. Architectural complementarity in historic settings is a complex and context-dependent concept, requiring a balance between tradition and modernity. A critical engagement with both historical and contemporary architectural discourses is necessary to ensure that urban development in places like Bagamoyo respects its historical heritage. To achieve sustainable and contextually appropriate architectural complementarity, a collaborative approach involving policymakers, architects, historians, and the local community is essential. This study underscores the importance of policy frameworks that guide development while preserving the architectural heritage for future generations.